Impaired Vibratory and Reciprocal Inhibition in Soleus H-Reflex Testing in Children With Spastic Cerebral Palsy.

Introduction Cerebral palsy (CP) is a neurodevelopmental condition that results from an injury to a developing brain. Children with CP fail to execute precise, well-coordinated movements, and excessive muscular co-contraction or co-activation is a prominent attribute of CP. The normal reciprocal relationship between agonists and antagonists during voluntary movements is altered in patients with CP. H-reflex, which is often regarded as the electrical equivalent of the spinal stretch reflex, can be used to examine the overall reflex arc, including the Ia sensory afferent strength and the spinal motoneuron excitability state. Furthermore, neuromodulatory influence of vibration on H-reflex has been found, which has been increasingly investigated to ascertain its potential use as an intervention in patients with increased spinal reflex excitability. Our goal was to identify the brain mechanism underlying the motor deficits by studying Soleus H-reflex changes during voluntary movement (dorsiflexion) and also to determine the role of vibration in H-reflex modulation in children with spastic CP. Methods Soleus H-reflex was recorded in 12 children with spastic CP (10-16 years) and 15 age-matched controls. Recordings were obtained at rest, during dorsiflexion, and during vibratory stimulation for each subject. H-responses (Hmax amplitudes and Hmax-to-Mmax ratio) were compared among the controls and the cases (CP), for the experiments performed, by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The recruitment curves depicting the distribution of mean H-response amplitudes with stimulus intensity increment, for dorsiflexion and vibration were compared among controls and cases by the two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test. p-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results Hmax amplitudes and the Hmax-to-Mmax ratio increased (15 % and 12.2 % increment, respectively) from the resting values in the children with CP (p<0.05), while controls exhibited a decrease (reduction of 62% and 57 %, respectively) during dorsiflexion (p<0.05). Vibratory stimulation produced a decreasing trend in H-response measures in both the groups. There was about 15 % and 16 % reduction respectively among children with CP while that of 24 % and 21 % respectively among the controls. The differences in the recruitment curves (distribution of average H-response amplitudes with stimulation intensity) recorded during dorsiflexion and vibration experiments among controls compared with those with CP were found to be statistically significant by the two-sample KS test (p<0.0001). Conclusion The failure of H-reflex suppression during voluntary antagonist muscle activation suggests the presence of impaired reciprocal inhibition in spastic CP. The relatively modest H-response reduction caused by vibratory stimulation in children with CP provides limited evidence of vibratory regulation of the H-reflex in CP. More research into the mechanisms driving motor abnormalities in children with CP is needed, which could aid in therapy planning.

Integrating experimental and theoretical studies in the development of a novel alginate-based bio-composite for copper anticorrosion in 3.5 % NaCl environments.

The development of new coatings based on a biopolymer, epichlorohydrin-modified alginate, and alginate-epichlorohydrin-SrTiO3 nanocomposites incorporating SrTiO3 (STO) nanoparticles in the alginate (Alg) matrix (Alg-Ep-STO), has been addressed in this study. Various characterization techniques were employed to analyze the prepared compounds, including X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), as well as surface analysis methods such as Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). Furthermore, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarisation (PDP) methods were used to evaluate corrosion inhibition and protection durability. The results demonstrate that the incorporation of STO nanoparticles into the alginate matrix with epichlorohydrin significantly improved the metal's resistance to corrosion. The experimental findings received reinforcement from various computational methods, including density functional theory (DFT), Molecular Dynamics (MD) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations, which were employed to investigate the interactions between the Alg-Ep-STO nanocomposite and the copper surface. The computational outcomes revealed that the Alg-Ep-STO nanocomposite exhibits robust adhesion to the copper surface, maintaining a flat orientation, with its alignment being notably influenced by the presence of STO nanoparticles.

Multimodal Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring in Cranial and Spinal Tumour Surgeries: A Descriptive Observational Study.

Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) involves monitoring the functional integrity of critical brain regions and pathways as well as identifying and preserving functionally viable neural tissues (mapping) during surgery using electrophysiological techniques. Multimodality combines various neurophysiological techniques to optimise diagnostic effectiveness and to improve the outcomes of the surgeries. The present study is a case series with comprehensive and illustrative descriptions of the neurophysiological changes in five neuromonitored cases of cranial and spinal cord tumour surgeries conducted with a multimodal approach. The cases were monitored with somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP), transcranial motor evoked potentials (TcMEP), and both free run and triggered electromyography (fEMG and tEMG). No false negative outcomes were identified in the cases studied as there was an association of absence of change in SSEP and TcMEP both, with no neurological deficit postoperatively. Two cases were identified as having true positive neuromonitoring alerts. No false positive alerts were found in any case. Multimodal monitoring using SSEP, TcMEP, and EMG (fEMG and tEMG) in cranial and spinal tumour surgeries can improve performance with fewer false-negative and false-positive results. Neuromonitoring approaches used in combination can provide reliable information regarding postoperative neurological outcomes.

The Mizoroki-Heck reaction between in situ generated alkenes and aryl halides: cross-coupling route to substituted olefins.

This review covers palladium-catalyzed typical Mizoroki-Heck cross-coupling reactions of aryl halides with in situ generated alkenes, by following a typical Heck coupling mechanism to form substituted olefins unlike direct cross-coupling of alkenes with aryl halides in Heck olefination. These reactions solve the issue of alkenes undergoing polymerization at high temperatures and increase reaction efficiency by reducing the reaction time and purification steps.

Technology enabled communication during COVID 19: analysis of tweets from top ten Indian IT companies using NVIVO.

The corona virus (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted industries across the globe. Lockdown was imposed to curb the spread of the deadly virus. This resulted in closure of the factories and manufacturing units. Few sectors switched to work from home (WFH) for the first time. The present study aims to understand and analyze the way in which Information Technology (IT) sector communicated on Twitter during the pandemic. The top ten IT companies in India were selected on the basis of net sales. Qualitative data analysis was employed to extract tweets, understand and analyze them. Tweets were extracted from the official Twitter handles of these top ten IT companies using N-Capture extension tool of NVivo 12 software from April 1, 2020 to April 30, 2021. To get insights out of collected data, Word Cloud, TreeMap and Sentiment Analysis of tweets were carried out using NVivo 12 software. The research found that IT companies focussed on digital transformation, business development, customer satisfaction and enriching customer experience, new product development for healthcare and insurance and organizational resilience. They also focussed on effective communication through Twitter in times of crisis. Most of the companies tweeted moderately positive. Very small numbers of tweets were found to be very negative.

Prognosticators for Visual Outcome in Indirect Traumatic Optic Neuropathy: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Introduction Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON), with indirect TON as its more prevalent form, is a dreadful cause of severe visual dysfunctions. The condition is known to have a contentious treatment plan and poor visual sequelae; hence, the assessment of prognostic signs becomes valuable. Prospective studies evaluating important predictors of visual recovery after traumatic optic nerve injury can particularly be helpful in a longitudinal observation. The possible roles of clinical variables need to be assessed. Absent visual evoked potential (VEP) records as a crucial finding associated with TON has reportedly valuable prognostic significance. This also needs to be explored. Hence, the study sought to determine the role of prognosticators in the visual outcome of the patients, with a focus on evaluating the role of VEPs in the severity and prognosis of indirect TON. Methods A prospective observational study involving 40 patients with indirect TON was conducted. Ocular, neuro-ophthalmological, radiological, and neurophysiological variables, including flash VEP, were investigated at their initial visit and followed up until the end of six months. Final visual acuity was the primary outcome variable studied. Paired t-test was used to perform the comparison between the flash VEP variables for normal and affected eyes at the initial visit. Pearson correlation coefficient was computed for obtaining the association of initial visual acuity and flash VEP variables with the outcome variable. Relative risk was calculated and analysed for the prognosticators in univariate analysis. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05. Results Statistically significant variations in mean P100 latency, N75-P100, and P100-N145 amplitudes compared between normal and affected eyes in the patients at the initial visit were obtained (p < 0.0001; paired t-test). Pearson correlation coefficient for initial visual acuity and flash VEP variable as independent variables and final visual acuity as the dependent variable were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The relative risks for prognosticators with a statistically significant range of confidence intervals were poor initial visual acuity, greater relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) grades, deranged flash VEP variables (absent VEP, reduction in amplitude ratio (>50%), and increased interocular latency differences), loss of consciousness during injury, age greater than 40 years, and lack of improvement after 48 hours of steroid treatment. Conclusion The identified negative prognosticators may be helpful in deciding the kind of therapeutic approach and predicting the visual outcome in patients with indirect TON.

Impact of Sleep Duration, Quality, and Chronotype on Learning and Academic Performance: A Cross-Sectional Study Among First Year Medical Students of a Tertiary Care Institute.

Introduction The link between sleep and cognitive processes, such as memory and learning, continues to be one of the most intriguing and perplexing theories. Undergraduate medical students in their first year are particularly vulnerable to sleep disturbances. Academic achievement and learning have been linked to sleep patterns, which include not only the quantity and quality of sleep but also the timing of sleep in relation to the natural sleep onsets, or chronotypes. There have been conflicting reports on the outcomes of sleep and relatively fewer researches focused on the impact of chronotypes on learning and academic achievement among medical students. The current study thus sought to determine the chronotypes of medical students, evaluate the quantity and quality of sleep, and determine the impact of these factors on learning and academic performance. Methods The study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Gorakhpur, India. Sleep health was assessed in 167 first-year medical students using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), morningness-eveningness questionnaire (MEQ), and sleep log books. Learning and memory assessment was performed using Raven's progressive matrices test. Grade point average (GPA) was used to assess their academic performance. The relationship of sleep scores with GPA and RPM scores were obtained by linear regression analysis. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and unpaired t-test were used to investigate other comparisons among categories of chronotypes and those of mean GPA. A p-value of <0.05 was considered as significant. Results The mean GPA and RPM scores obtained in the groups with PSQI ≥ 5 (2.67 ± 1.1, 49.51 ± 6.24, respectively) and PSQI < 5 (3.15 ± 0.59, 54.73 ± 4.01, respectively) and those in the group with ESS ≥ 10 (2.72 ± 1.17, 50.97 ± 5.92, respectively) and ESS < 10 (3.15 ± 0.6, 54.18 ± 3.91, respectively) varied with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). Statistically significant R-squared values for the relationship of PSQI and ESS scores with RPM and GPA scores were obtained. No correlation between academic grades and chronotype was found. Poor GPA scores were found to be associated with reduced mean sleep duration for one week before the exams. Conclusion Learning and academic performance are negatively impacted by poor sleep quality and daytime sleep dysfunction. No definite evidence for the association of sleep chronotypes with the learning and memory could be attained. Higher test performance is more closely linked to the average sleep length over a duration of time preceding the exams.

Severe Paradoxical Manifestations in an Immunocompetent Young Female With Tuberculous Meningitis.

A paradoxical reaction, in patients with tuberculous meningitis, is described as either worsening of pre-existing tuberculous lesions or the appearance of new tuberculous lesions after initial improvement with anti-tuberculosis treatment. The condition is often difficult to predict. When severe, it may also result in considerable neurological morbidity and even death. We aim to report such a rare case of severe paradoxical response in a young female with tuberculous meningitis. An 18-year-old female developed severe headache, vomiting, altered sensorium, decreased vision, and paraparesis. She was on anti-tuberculosis treatment (ATT) for tuberculous meningitis for the past two months. Radiological findings revealed tuberculomas in the left cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres, adhesive arachnoiditis in the cervical spine, and moderate communicating hydrocephalus. Visual evoked potential tests provided electrophysiological evidence of optic neuropathy in the left eye. The appearance of new (tuberculoma and adhesive arachnoiditis in the cervical spine), as well as aggravation of pre-existing tuberculous lesions (worsened hydrocephalus and worsened clinical features), were evident in the patient, suggestive of severe paradoxical response (with HIV negative serology). The patient was treated with corticosteroids, and antibiotics, and continued the ATT programme in a conservative manner. Nonetheless, as the patient had severe CNS manifestations, severe disabilities (poor vision, paraparesis, or quadriparesis) and fatalities were inevitable. Notwithstanding, it is crucial to recognize the paradoxical manifestations of tuberculous meningitis to avoid misleading diagnoses and unwarranted management strategies.

Transcriptomic analysis of bakanae disease resistant and susceptible rice genotypes in response to infection by Fusarium fujikuroi.

BACKGROUND: Fusarium fujikuroi causing bakanae is one of the most significant pathogens of rice and much responsible for yield losses thereby emerging as a major risk to food security. METHODS: In the present study transcriptomic analysis was conducted between two contrasting resistant (C101A51) and susceptible (Rasi) genotypes of rice with the combinations of C101A51 control (CC) vs. C101A51 inoculated (CI); Rasi control (RC) vs. Rasi inoculated (RI) and C101A51 inoculated (CI) vs. Rasi inoculated (RI). RESULTS: In CC vs. CI commonly expressed genes were 12,764. Out of them 567 (4%) were significantly upregulated and 1399 (9%) genes were downregulated. For the RC vs. RI 14, 333 (79%) genes were commonly expressed. For CI vs. RI 13,662 (72%) genes were commonly expressed. Genes related to cysteine proteinase inhibitor 10, disease resistance protein TAO1-like, oleosin 16 kDa-like, pathogenesis-related protein (PR1), (PR4), BTB/POZ and MATH domain-containing protein 5-like, alpha-amylase isozyme were upregulated in resistant genotype C101A51. Whereas, genes related to GDSL esterase/lipase, serine glyoxylate aminotransferase, CASP-like protein 2C1, WAT1-related protein, Cytoplasmic linker associated proteins, xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase protein and ß-D xylosidase 7 were upregulated in susceptible genotype Rasi. Gene ontology analysis showed functions related to defence response (GO:0006952), regulation of plant hypersensitive type response (GO:0010363), Potassium ion transmembrane activity (GO:0015079), chloroplast (GO:0009507), response to wounding (GO:0009611), xylan biosynthetic process (GO:0045492) were upregulated in resistant genotype C101A51 under inoculated conditions. CONCLUSION: Real time PCR based validation of the selected DEGs showed that the qRT-PCR was consistent with the RNA-Seq results. This is the first transcriptomic study against bakanae disease of rice in Indian genotypes. Further, functional studies on identified genes and their utilization through different methodology will be helpful for the development of bakanae disease management strategies.

Metal catalyzed C-H functionalization on triazole rings.

The present review covers advancement in the area of C-H functionalization on triazole rings, by utilizing various substrates with palladium or copper as catalysts, and resulting in the development of various substituted 1,2,3- and 1,2,4-triazoles. Synthesis of these substituted compounds is necessary from the perspective of pharmaceutical, medicinal, and materials chemistry.

First-time exploration of adverse childhood experiences among adults in Delaware using BRFSS data: A cross-sectional study.

Objective: In 2019, for the first time, Delaware collected adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) data through the population-based Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). The main objective of this study was to explore and delineate the prevalence of ACEs and determine their association with select chronic conditions/risk behaviors. Study design: A cross-sectional population-based study. Methods: Delaware BRFSS 2019 data (N = 3,879) were analyzed. This includes 2,015 respondents with at least one ACE and 1,882 without ACE. Logistic regression was performed using SAS complex weighting procedures to compare the prevalence odds of selected conditions while controlling for age, gender, and race/ethnicity in Delawareans with and without ACEs. Delaware BRFSS participant response rate was 38.2% comparable to other federal survey responses. Results: Nearly one in four adults reported high ACEs scores (≥3). Emotional abuse was the most common ACE. ACEs were significantly associated with poorer health outcomes. High ACE scores were more prevalent among women, multiracial/minority race groups, bisexual, lesbian/gay sexually oriented, younger age group, and less educated. Associations between high ACEs score and selected health conditions/behaviors remained statistically significant even after controlling for socio-demographic characteristics. Conclusion: Reporting of ACEs data is critical for Delaware's progress towards a Trauma-Informed State. A particularly disturbing finding was that a high number of young adults reported 3 or more ACEs. Strong association with chronic conditions, particularly mental health was a significant cause for concern. Study results present a first-time expansive coverage, providing stakeholders with a unique opportunity to prioritize evidence-based decisions in Trauma-Informed Delaware.

Breastfeeding and Contraceptive Methods in Women With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus- 2 (SARS-COV-2) Infection in Peripartum Period.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the exclusive breastfeeding and contraceptive methods among women delivering within 1-week of a positive test for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus- 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Materials and methods: In this study, 106 women with SARS-CoV-2 infection who were either asymptomatic or had mild disease were included. They were admitted for maternity care at a tertiary center between May to September 2020. The data was collected during their hospital stay and subsequently by telephonic or in-person interviews at 4-6 weeks and 8-10 weeks postpartum for contraceptive use, breastfeeding and use of facemask and hand-hygiene. Results: Sixty-three (59.4%) women had vaginal delivery and 43 (40.6%) required cesarean-section. Only one of the 98 newborns who were tested for SARS-CoV-2 turned out positive. Initiation of breastfeeding was delayed by an average of three days due to preparing the Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) report. Exclusive breastfeeding was practiced by 69% and mixed feeding by 26%.Pre breastfeeding hand hygiene and facemask use declined after discharge (100% to 53.75% at 8-10 weeks postpartum). Out of 106, 86 (81%) women used no contraception at 8-10 weeks postpartum, continued with post-placental-IUD in 8/106 (7.5%) and tubal-sterilization during cesarean in 8/106 (7.5%) cases. Only 4/106 (4%) adopted alternative methods like barrier contraception. Conclusion: The practice of exclusive breastfeeding remains unchanged among women who suffered from SARS-CoV-2 infection in the peripartum period while uptake of postpartum contraception was minimal except for the women who opted for long term contraceptive methods in the immediate postpartum period.

Evaluation of early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute calculous cholecystitis: a prospective, randomized study.

Purpose: Uncertainty exists about whether early laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is an appropriate surgical treatment for acute calculous cholecystitis. This study aimed to compare early vs. late LC for acute calculous cholecystitis regarding intraoperative difficulty and postoperative outcomes. Methods: This was a prospective randomized study carried out between December 2015 and June 2017; 60 patients with acute calculous cholecystitis were divided into two groups (early and delayed groups), each comprising 30 patients. Thirty patients treated with LC within 3 to 5 days of arrival at the hospital were assigned to the early group. The other 30 patients were placed in the delayed group, first treated conservatively, and followed by LC 3 to 6 weeks later. Results: The conversion rates in both groups were 6.7% and 0%, respectively (p = 0.143). The operating time was 56.67 ± 11.70 minutes in the early group and 75.67 ± 20.52 minutes in the delayed group (p = 0.001), and both groups observed equal levels of postoperative complications. Early LC patients, on the other hand, required much fewer postoperative hospital stay (3.40 ± 1.99 vs. 6.27 ± 2.90 days, p = 0.006). Conclusion: Considering shorter operative time and hospital stay without significant increase of open conversion rates, early LC might have benefits over late LC.

Challenge of a dual burden in rapidly aging Delaware: Comorbid chronic conditions and subjective cognitive decline.

BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic trends forecast a "dual burden"- increase in both physical chronic diseases and Alzheimer's disease (AD)- for Delaware. Estimating the burden and characteristics of this "dual burden" is critical. Cognizant of the unavailability of precise models to measure AD, SCD-a population-based measure- was used as an alternative. The primary objective was to delineate selected chronic conditions among Delaware adults with SCD in order to present: (i) prevalence of SCD by select sociodemographic characteristics, (ii) compare the prevalence of chronic conditions among people with and without SCD, and (iii) compare the prevalence of SCD associated functional limitations in Delawareans with and without comorbid chronic conditions. METHODS: Combined data (2016 and 2020) for Delaware were obtained from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Analyses included 4,897 respondents aged 45 years or older who answered the SCD screening question as "yes" (n = 430) or "no" (n = 4,467). Descriptive statistics examined sociodemographic characteristics and chronic conditions in Delawareans with and without SCD. RESULTS: Overall, 8.4% (CI: 7.4-9.5) of Delaware adults reported SCD. Delawareans with SCD were more likely to be in the younger age group (45-54 years), less educated, low income and living alone. Over 68 percent had not discussed cognitive decline with a health care professional. More than three in four Delawareans with SCD had a 1.5 times higher prevalence of having any one of the nine select chronic conditions as compared to those without SCD. Adults with SCD and at least one comorbid chronic condition were more likely to report SCD-related functional limitations. CONCLUSIONS: Delaware cannot afford to postpone public policies to address the dual burden of SCD and chronic conditions. Results from this study can help public health stakeholders in Delaware to be informed and prepared for the challenges associated with cognitive decline and comorbidity.

Mismatch Negativity Responses to Different Auditory Attributes in Normally Developing Infants and Children.

Introduction Mismatch negativity (MMN) is a change-specific component of the event-related potentials that is elicited by an irregularity in repetitive auditory stimulation. As it is developmentally stable and can be measured in the absence of the participant's attention, it can be a valuable method for assessing auditory discrimination in infants and young children. The classic MMN paradigm involves tone frequency as the mismatching attribute. Multi-feature MMN paradigms which involve different auditory attributes can assess discrimination abilities in a wider group of disorders. The study aimed to report standardised MMN values obtained with MMN paradigms including several auditory attributes to extend the clinical applicability of the test in infants and young children. Methods MMN responses were recorded in 42 normal infants and young children (2 months to 5 years) with multi-feature MMN paradigms. MMN variables in different trials were compared by one-way ANOVA. Pearson's correlation coefficient and independent sample t-test were performed for finding an association with the age and gender of the participants respectively. P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results MMN amplitude exhibited statistically significant differences in different MMN paradigms (p<0.05). An increase in the degree of standard and deviant differences and double deviant responses also resulted in larger MMN. MMN latency variation in the trials was not statistically significant. The age and gender of the participants did not influence the MMN variables with statistical significance. Conclusion MMN paradigms with different auditory attributes report significant amplitude variations. Multi-feature MMN paradigms can optimize the clinical applicability of the test and can determine the profile of different auditory discrimination abilities.

Racial and ethnic disparities in subjective cognitive decline: a closer look, United States, 2015-2018.

BACKGROUND: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD), characterized by self-experience of deterioration in cognitive performance may be a precursor to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Given the association of AD with dependence and disability for a long duration, earlier the detection, the sooner people and their families can receive information regarding better management. It is critical to explore disparities amongst racial and ethnic populations with SCD in order to facilitate targeted interventions. The primary objective was to identify disparities in prevalence of SCD amongst Whites, Blacks and Hispanics by select sociodemographic characteristics and functional limitations in a U.S. population-based sample of non-institutionalized adults aged 45 and older. The secondary objective was to assess the association between SCD and select chronic conditions (angina, heart attack, stroke, diabetes, high blood pressure and high cholesterol) by race/ethnicity. METHODS: Combined data (2015-2018) were obtained from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) to conduct a population -based study. Analyses included 179,852 respondents aged 45 years or older who answered the SCD screening question as "yes" (n = 19,276) or "no" (n = 160,576). Descriptive statistics examined sociodemographic characteristics including functional limitations amongst racial/ethnic groups with SCD. Association of SCD with chronic conditions by race/ethnicity was also calculated. RESULTS: Overall, 10.8% (CI: 10.6-11.1) of adults aged 45 years or older reported SCD.10.7% Whites, 12.3% Blacks and 9.9% Hispanics experienced SCD. Blacks and Hispanics with SCD were more likely to be in the younger age group (45-54 years), less educated, low income, without access to health care, living alone and with functional limitations. Only half had discussed cognitive decline with a health care professional. Prevalence of selected chronic conditions was significantly higher in all racial/ethnic groups with SCD. CONCLUSIONS: Demographic trends predict a larger proportion of Hispanics and Blacks with SCD in the coming years. This information can lead to identification of opportunities for addressing negative SCD outcomes in minorities affected by inequitable conditions.

Fearless path for human resource personnel's through analytics: a study of recent tools and techniques of human resource analytics and its implication.

The golden rule developed by Gordon E. Moore in 1965 stands forth and upholds its perception, which is observant with trending technology and making organizations, groups and individuals extract benefits from machine. AI, Robotics, Business Intelligence, Big Data and Analytics, Edge Computing, Hyperautomation, Blockchain, Democratization, Human Augmentation, Multiexperience are technical domains and trends supporting ongoing technical progress making mankind to innovate and create superhuman capabilities leaving HRs to fight the battle of replacing technology-literate people with people-literate technology. The likeliness towards analytics and complex algorithms made a breakthrough into a creative zone extending manageable workforce with the rising trends. The primary study with 108 h of leading Service Organizations of India was made to examine the recent tools and techniques for HR analytics which are adopted by them. As we recognized that analytics is driving force for HRs to be strategic business partner and step further for transforming roles. In addition we identified the implication of analytics on various HR data and decisions made by them.

COVID pandemic analysis using Auto- Regression-Based moving average method.

COVID (Corona Virus) 2019 proved to be a pandemic worldwide, with more than 30 lakhs of life's in danger and more than 2 lakh people dead as of 01 May 2020. The disease is spreading across the world in various phases, with assumptions of having an impact based on the weather conditions, where the true reason is not yet confirmed. However, several precautionary measures such as maintaining social distancing, covering mouth and hands using masks and gloves, avoiding huge public gatherings to attend conferences, meetings, worship places, etc proved to put a pause on the spread of this air-borne contagious disease. Though there is an impact on the overall economy world-wide, lockdown is strictly implemented in countries like India and also at various other places to control the spread and save several lives. There is a necessity to track the spread to find out the rate at which the virus is spreading and accordingly taking measures to control the same. This work presents an analysis of the growth rate and death rate of the COVID pandemic in developing countries like India using the Auto regression-based Moving Average method. The results presented in this work show the future predictions analyzed via the proposed model and drives a path to take preventive measures accordingly and curb the COVID spread.